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Parent mental health and family functioning following diagnosis of CHD: a research agenda and recommendations from the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative
- Erica Sood, Amy Jo Lisanti, Sarah E. Woolf-King, Jo Wray, Nadine Kasparian, Emily Jackson, Mary R. Gregory, Keila N. Lopez, Bradley S. Marino, Trent Neely, Amy Randall, Sinai C. Zyblewski, Cheryl L. Brosig
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- Journal:
- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 31 / Issue 6 / June 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 June 2021, pp. 900-914
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Diagnosis of CHD substantially affects parent mental health and family functioning, thereby influencing child neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes. Recognition of the need to proactively support parent mental health and family functioning following cardiac diagnosis to promote psychosocial adaptation has increased substantially over recent years. However, significant gaps in knowledge remain and families continue to report critical unmet psychosocial needs. The Parent Mental Health and Family Functioning Working Group of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative was formed in 2018 through support from an R13 grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to identify significant knowledge gaps related to parent mental health and family functioning, as well as critical questions that must be answered to further knowledge, policy, care, and outcomes. Conceptually driven investigations are needed to identify parent mental health and family functioning factors with the strongest influence on child outcomes, to obtain a deeper understanding of the biomarkers associated with these factors, and to better understand how parent mental health and family functioning influence child outcomes over time. Investigations are also needed to develop, test, and implement sustainable models of mental health screening and assessment, as well as effective interventions to optimise parent mental health and family functioning to promote psychosocial adaptation. The critical questions and investigations outlined in this paper provide a roadmap for future research to close gaps in knowledge, improve care, and promote positive outcomes for families of children with CHD.
Understanding adolescent responses to differently worded suicide attempt questions: results from a large US pediatric sample
- Claire Hatkevich, Jacqueline Grupp-Phelan, David Brent, Bradley J. Barney, T. Charles Casper, Marlene Melzer-Lange, Mary Cwik, Cheryl A. King
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 52 / Issue 12 / September 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 December 2020, pp. 2309-2318
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Background
Clinical assessments are a primary method for ascertaining suicide risk, yet the language used across measures is inconsistent. The implications of these discrepancies for adolescent responding are unknown, which is troubling as multiple research areas (i.e. on culture, mental health language, and suicide communication) indicate individuals from varying sociodemographic backgrounds may communicate differently regarding mental health concerns. The aims of the current study are to investigate whether a geographically diverse sample of adolescents respond differently to directly and indirectly phrased suicide attempt questions (i.e. directly phrased includes the term ‘suicide’ and indirectly asks about suicidal behavior without using ‘suicide’), and to examine whether sociodemographic factors and history of mental health service usage relate to endorsement differences.
MethodsParticipants were N = 5909 adolescents drawn from the Emergency Department Screening for Teens at Risk for Suicide multi-site study. The lifetime suicide attempt was assessed with two items from an adapted version of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS; Posner et al., 2008): (1) a directly phrased question asking about ‘suicide attempts’ and (2) an indirectly phrased question providing the definition of an attempt.
ResultsAn adolescent majority (83.7%) consistently reported no lifetime suicide attempt across items, 10.1% consistently reported one or more lifetime attempts across items, and 6.2% of adolescents responded discordantly to the items.
ConclusionsMultivariable models indicated multiple demographic and mental health service variables significantly predicted discordant responding, with a notable finding being that father/stepfather education level at or below high school education predicted endorsing only the direct question.
Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of AE F130060 03 in wheat, barley, and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) with or without dicamba
- Steven R. King, Edward S. Hagood, Jr., Kevin W. Bradley, Kriton K. Hatzios
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 51 / Issue 4 / August 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 509-514
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Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate absorption, translocation, and metabolism of AE F130060 03 in wheat, barley, and Italian ryegrass. An additional objective was to evaluate how combinations of AE F130060 03 with dicamba affect absorption, translocation, and metabolism in wheat, barley, and Italian ryegrass. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, and data were subjected to a factorial analysis. The factors included for analysis were plant type, time, and presence or absence of dicamba. Italian ryegrass absorbed 2.5, 2.0, and 1.5 times the amount of applied radioactivity 24, 48, and 96 h after treatment (HAT), respectively, compared with wheat or barley. Translocation of radiolabeled AE F130060 03 from the treated leaf blade was low and did not differ among wheat, barley, or Italian ryegrass. The rates of AE F130060 03 metabolism by the two cereal crops and Italian ryegrass were different. Ninety-six HAT, the total absorbed radioactivity metabolized by wheat, barley, and Italian ryegrass was 67, 51, and 34%, respectively. Conversely, 96 HAT, the levels of nonmetabolized AE F130060 03 were highest in Italian ryegrass, intermediate in barley, and lowest in wheat. The lower absorption of herbicide and a more rapid rate of metabolism by wheat and barley in comparison with Italian ryegrass most likely account for differential selectivity among the three plant species. Dicamba did not influence translocation or metabolism in wheat, barley, or Italian ryegrass.
Evaluating an Automated Irrigation Control System for Site-Specific Herbigation1
- Charlotte V. Eberlein, Bradley A. King, Mary J. Guttieri
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 14 / Issue 1 / March 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 182-187
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Site-specific herbigation using a linear-move irrigation system equipped with an automated irrigation control system was evaluated in a series of field trials conducted at the University of Idaho Aberdeen Research and Extension Center near Aberdeen, ID. In the first study, the experimental area was divided into site-specific management zones that were randomly assigned herbigation treatments of metolachlor at 0, 1.8, 2.7, or 3.6 kg ai/ha. In a second study, site-specific herbigation treatments of metribuzin at 0, 0.28, 0.42, or 0.56 kg ai/ha were applied. The tests covered a range in system flow rate from 29 to 90% of maximum design flow. Average metolachlor rates applied were within 1, 2, and 4% of the target 1.8, 2.7, and 3.6 kg/ha rates, respectively, and average metribuzin rates were on target at the 0.28 kg/ha rate and within 5 and 2% of the 0.42 and 0.56 kg/ha target rates, respectively. In a third study, potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields were divided into management zones, and low, medium, or high populations of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica) were seeded in each zone. Different rates of a metolachlor plus metribuzin mixture were herbigated in each zone—higher rates in zones with high populations and lower rates in zones with low populations. Weed control was excellent in all zones. Results suggest good potential for site-specific herbigation when linear-move or center-pivot irrigation systems are equipped with the automated irrigation control system.
Optimization of amorphous semiconductors and low-/high-k dielectrics through percolation and topological constraint theory
- Michelle M. Paquette, Bradley J. Nordell, Anthony N. Caruso, Masanori Sato, Hiroyuki Fujiwara, Sean W. King
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- Journal:
- MRS Bulletin / Volume 42 / Issue 1 / January 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 January 2017, pp. 39-44
- Print publication:
- January 2017
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We explore some aspects of the optimization of amorphous semiconductors as well as low- and high-dielectric-constant (low-/high-k) materials viewed purely from the perspective of percolation and topological constraint theories. We specifically illustrate how percolation, constraint theory, and mean network coordination, 〈r〉, play underlying roles in determining the electrical and mechanical properties of amorphous semiconducting and dielectric materials as well as interfaces that are important for modern micro-/nanoelectronic devices.
Abnormalities in serum biomarkers correlate with lower cardiac index in the Fontan population
- Bradley S. Marino, David J. Goldberg, Adam L. Dorfman, Eileen King, Heidi Kalkwarf, Babette S. Zemel, Margaret Smith, Jesse Pratt, Mark A. Fogel, Amanda J. Shillingford, Barbara J. Deal, Anitha S. John, Caren S. Goldberg, Timothy M. Hoffman, Marshall L. Jacobs, Asher Lisec, Susan Finan, Lazaros K. Kochilas, Thomas W. Pawlowski, Kathleen Campbell, Clinton Joiner, Stuart L. Goldstein, Paul Stephens, Jr, Alvin J. Chin
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- Journal:
- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 27 / Issue 1 / January 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 July 2016, pp. 59-68
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Background
Fontan survivors have depressed cardiac index that worsens over time. Serum biomarker measurement is minimally invasive, rapid, widely available, and may be useful for serial monitoring. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers that correlate with lower cardiac index in Fontan patients.
Methods and resultsThis study was a multi-centre case series assessing the correlations between biomarkers and cardiac magnetic resonance-derived cardiac index in Fontan patients ⩾6 years of age with biochemical and haematopoietic biomarkers obtained ±12 months from cardiac magnetic resonance. Medical history and biomarker values were obtained by chart review. Spearman’s Rank correlation assessed associations between biomarker z-scores and cardiac index. Biomarkers with significant correlations had receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve estimated. In total, 97 cardiac magnetic resonances in 87 patients met inclusion criteria: median age at cardiac magnetic resonance was 15 (6–33) years. Significant correlations were found between cardiac index and total alkaline phosphatase (−0.26, p=0.04), estimated creatinine clearance (0.26, p=0.02), and mean corpuscular volume (−0.32, p<0.01). Area under the curve for the three individual biomarkers was 0.63–0.69. Area under the curve for the three-biomarker panel was 0.75. Comparison of cardiac index above and below the receiver operating characteristic curve-identified cut-off points revealed significant differences for each biomarker (p<0.01) and for the composite panel [median cardiac index for higher-risk group=2.17 L/minute/m2 versus lower-risk group=2.96 L/minute/m2, (p<0.01)].
ConclusionsHigher total alkaline phosphatase and mean corpuscular volume as well as lower estimated creatinine clearance identify Fontan patients with lower cardiac index. Using biomarkers to monitor haemodynamics and organ-specific effects warrants prospective investigation.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Important knowledge for parents of children with heart disease: parent, nurse, and physician views
- Joshua Daily, Mike FitzGerald, Kimberly Downing, Eileen King, Javier Gonzalez del Rey, Richard Ittenbach, Bradley Marino
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- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 26 / Issue 1 / January 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2015, pp. 61-69
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Objectives
Parental understanding of their children’s heart disease is inadequate, which may contribute to poor health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine what parental knowledge is important in the care of children with heart disease from the perspective of parents, nurses, and physicians.
MethodsFocus groups were formed with parents of children with single ventricle congenital heart disease (CHD), biventricular CHD, and heart transplantation, and with nurses and physicians who provide care for these children. A nominal group technique was used to identify and prioritise important parental knowledge items and themes. The voting data for each theme were reported by participant type – parent, nurse, and physician – and patient diagnosis – single ventricle CHD, biventricular CHD, and heart transplantation.
ResultsThe following three themes were identified as important by all groups: recognition of and response to clinical deterioration, medications, and prognosis and plan. Additional themes that were unique to specific groups included the following: medical team members and interactions (parents), tests and labs (parents), neurodevelopmental outcomes and interventions (physicians), lifelong disease requiring lifelong follow-up (physicians and nurses), and diagnosis, physiology, and interventions (single ventricle and biventricular CHD).
ConclusionsParents, nurses, and physicians have both common and unique views regarding what parents should know to effectively care for their children with single ventricle CHD, biventricular CHD, or heart transplantation. Specific targeted parental education that incorporates these findings should be provided to each group. Further development of questionnaires regarding parental knowledge with appropriate content validity is warranted.
Triangulation Across Methodologies: All Signs Point to Persistent Stereotyping and Discrimination in Organizations
- Lisa M. Leslie, Eden B. King, Jill C. Bradley, Michelle R. Hebl
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- Industrial and Organizational Psychology / Volume 1 / Issue 4 / December 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 January 2015, pp. 399-404
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Use of vitamin D supplements during infancy in an international feeding trial
- Eveliina Lehtonen, Anne Ormisson, Anita Nucci, David Cuthbertson, Susa Sorkio, Mila Hyytinen, Kirsi Alahuhta, Carol Berseth, Marja Salonen, Shayne Taback, Margaret Franciscus, Teba González-Frutos, Tuuli E Korhonen, Margaret L Lawson, Dorothy J Becker, Jeffrey P Krischer, Mikael Knip, Suvi M Virtanen, , Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, Elias Arjas, Åke Lernmark, Barbara Schmidt, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Hans K. Åkerblom, Mila Hyytinen, Mikael Knip, Katriina Koski, Matti Koski, Eeva Pajakkala, Marja Salonen, David Cuthbertson, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Linda Shanker, Brenda Bradley, Hans-Michael Dosch, John Dupré, William Fraser, Margaret Lawson, Jeffrey L. Mahon, Mathew Sermer, Shayne P. Taback, Dorothy Becker, Margaret Franciscus, Anita Nucci, Jerry Palmer, Minna Pekkala, Suvi M. Virtanen, Jacki Catteau, Neville Howard, Patricia Crock, Maria Craig, Cheril L. Clarson, Lynda Bere, David Thompson, Daniel Metzger, Colleen Marshall, Jennifer Kwan, David K. Stephure, Daniele Pacaud, Wendy Schwarz, Rose Girgis, Marilyn Thompson, Shayne P. Taback, Daniel Catte, Margaret L. Lawson, Brenda Bradley, Denis Daneman, Mathew Sermer, Mary-Jean Martin, Valérie Morin, Lyne Frenette, Suzanne Ferland, Susan Sanderson, Kathy Heath, Céline Huot, Monique Gonthier, Maryse Thibeault, Laurent Legault, Diane Laforte, Elizabeth A. Cummings, Karen Scott, Tracey Bridger, Cheryl Crummell, Robyn Houlden, Adriana Breen, George Carson, Sheila Kelly, Koravangattu Sankaran, Marie Penner, Richard A. White, Nancy King, James Popkin, Laurie Robson, Eva Al Taji, Irena Aldhoon, Pavla Mendlova, Jan Vavrinec, Jan Vosahlo, Ludmila Brazdova, Jitrenka Venhacova, Petra Venhacova, Adam Cipra, Zdenka Tomsikova, Petra Krckova, Pavla Gogelova, Ülle Einberg, Mall-Anne Riikjärv, Anne Ormisson, Vallo Tillmann, Päivi Kleemola, Anna Parkkola, Heli Suomalainen, Anna-Liisa Järvenpää, Anu-Maaria Hämälainen, Hannu Haavisto, Sirpa Tenhola, Pentti Lautala, Pia Salonen, Susanna Aspholm, Heli Siljander, Carita Holm, Samuli Ylitalo, Raisa Lounamaa, Anja Nuuja, Timo Talvitie, Kaija Lindström, Hanna Huopio, Jouni Pesola, Riitta Veijola, Päivi Tapanainen, Abram Alar, Paavo Korpela, Marja-Liisa Käär, Taina Mustila, Ritva Virransalo, Päivi Nykänen, Bärbel Aschemeier, Thomas Danne, Olga Kordonouri, Dóra Krikovszky, László Madácsy, Yeganeh Manon Khazrai, Ernesto Maddaloni, Paolo Pozzilli, Carla Mannu, Marco Songini, Carine de Beaufort, Ulrike Schierloh, Jan Bruining, Margriet Bisschoff, Aleksander Basiak, Renata Wasikowa, Marta Ciechanowska, Grazyna Deja, Przemyslawa Jarosz-Chobot, Agnieszka Szadkowska, Katarzyna Cypryk, Malgorzata Zawodniak-Szalapska, Luis Castano, Teba Gonzalez Frutos, Mirentxu Oyarzabal, Manuel Serrano-Ríos, María Teresa Martínez-Larrad, Federico Gustavo Hawkins, Dolores Rodriguez Arnau, Johnny Ludvigsson, Malgorzata Smolinska Konefal, Ragnar Hanas, Bengt Lindblad, Nils-Osten Nilsson, Hans Fors, Maria Nordwall, Agne Lindh, Hans Edenwall, Jan Aman, Calle Johansson, Margrit Gadient, Eugen Schoenle, Dorothy Becker, Ashi Daftary, Margaret Franciscus, Carol Gilmour, Jerry Palmer, Rachel Taculad, Marilyn Tanner-Blasiar, Neil White, Uday Devaskar, Heather Horowitz, Lisa Rogers, Roxana Colon, Teresa Frazer, Jose Torres, Robin Goland, Ellen Greenberg, Maudene Nelson, Holly Schachner, Barney Softness, Jorma Ilonen, Massimo Trucco, Lynn Nichol, Erkki Savilahti, Taina Härkönen, Mikael Knip, Outi Vaarala, Kristiina Luopajärvi, Hans-Michael Dosch
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 17 / Issue 4 / April 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 June 2013, pp. 810-822
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Objective
To examine the use of vitamin D supplements during infancy among the participants in an international infant feeding trial.
DesignLongitudinal study.
SettingInformation about vitamin D supplementation was collected through a validated FFQ at the age of 2 weeks and monthly between the ages of 1 month and 6 months.
SubjectsInfants (n 2159) with a biological family member affected by type 1 diabetes and with increased human leucocyte antigen-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes from twelve European countries, the USA, Canada and Australia.
ResultsDaily use of vitamin D supplements was common during the first 6 months of life in Northern and Central Europe (>80 % of the infants), with somewhat lower rates observed in Southern Europe (>60 %). In Canada, vitamin D supplementation was more common among exclusively breast-fed than other infants (e.g. 71 % v. 44 % at 6 months of age). Less than 2 % of infants in the USA and Australia received any vitamin D supplementation. Higher gestational age, older maternal age and longer maternal education were study-wide associated with greater use of vitamin D supplements.
ConclusionsMost of the infants received vitamin D supplements during the first 6 months of life in the European countries, whereas in Canada only half and in the USA and Australia very few were given supplementation.
Contributors
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- By Adel K. Afifi, Maha Alattar, Ran D. Anbar, Hrayr P. Attarian, Kyoung Bin Im, Leslie H. Boyce, Elizabeth Budman, Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura, Teresa Canet, Philip Cherian, Pietro Cortelli, Antonio Culebras, Mark Eric Dyken, Baruch El-Ad, Tik Dion Fung, Michael J. Howell, Marcel Hungs, Sheldon Kapen, Lynn V. Kataria, Philip King, Chon Lee, Deborah C. Lin-Dyken, Mark W. Mahowald, David E. McCarty, Pasquale Montagna, Kamal Nasser, Federica Provini, Cherridan Morrison Rambally, Carlos H. Schenck, Michael H. Silber, Rosalia C. Silvestri, Zafer N. Soultan, Bradley V. Vaughn, Roberto Vetrugno, Michael J. Zupancic
- Edited by Antonio Culebras
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- Book:
- Case Studies in Sleep Neurology
- Published online:
- 10 November 2010
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- 23 September 2010, pp xvi-xix
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In-situ Observations of Martensitic Transformation in Pure Ti Thin Films using the Dynamical Transmission Electron Microscope (DTEM)
- Thomas Bradley LaGrange, Geoffrey H. Campbell, Jeffrey D. Colvin, Wayne E. King, Nigel D. Browning, Michael R. Armstrong, Bryan W. Reed, Judy S. Kim, Brent C. Stuart
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 907 / 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 February 2011, 0907-MM05-02
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- 2005
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We have measured the transient events of the α-β martensitic transformation in nanocrystalline Ti films via single shot electron diffraction patterns with 1.5 ns temporal resolution. This was accomplished with a newly constructed dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM), which combines pulsed laser systems and pump-probe techniques with a conventional TEM. The DTEM thereby enables studies of transformations that are (1) far too fast to be captured by conventional bulk techniques, and (2) difficult to study with current ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) instruments (which typically require an accumulation of multiple shots for each diffraction pattern). Martensitic transformations in nanocrystalline materials meet both criteria, with their rapid nucleation, characteristic interface velocities ∼1 km/s, and significant irreversible microstructural changes. Free-standing 40-nm-thick Ti films were laser-heated at a rate of ∼1010 K/s to a temperature above the 1155 K transition point, then probed at various time intervals with a 1.5-ns-long intense electron pulse. Diffraction patterns show an almost complete transition to the β phase within 500 ns. Post-mortem analysis (after the sample is allowed to cool) shows a reversion to the α phase coupled with substantial grain growth, lath formation, and texture modification. The cooled material also shows a complete lack of apparent dislocations, suggesting the possible importance of a "massive" short-range diffusion mechanism.
Toward Ultrafast Electron Microscopy
- Wayne E. King, Geoffrey H. Campbell, Alan Frank, Bryan Reed, John Schmerge, Bradley Siwick, Brent Stuart, Peter Weber
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 10 / Issue S03 / August 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 2004, pp. 14-15
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- August 2004
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at the Pre-Meeting Congress: Materials Research in an Aberration-Free Environment, at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, July 31 and August 1, 2004.
Availability of nitrogen after fertilizer applications to cereals
- J. A. KING, R. SYLVESTER-BRADLEY, A. D. H. ROCHFORD
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 136 / Issue 2 / March 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 April 2001, pp. 141-157
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An experiment was conducted over seven sites in eastern England sown to winter cereals, whereby the soil mineral nitrogen (N) and N recovery in the crop were measured frequently during the active growth period. Plots received 100 kg/ha fertilizer N on one of three dates in spring (28 March, 11 April and 25 April) on each site in each of the three years (1994 to 1996), and these were compared with controls with no applied N. At one site, uncropped plots were included, and measurements of gaseous N emission, soil respiration, soil microbial biomass and root tissue N concentration were also made. The fertilizer applications boosted yields by at least 3 t/ha at all sites, but apparent recovery of fertilizer N varied throughout the previously known range of 45–85%. Soil type and timing of application had no effect on N recovery, or on final yields. N was mineralized from soil sources throughout the growth period, but mineralization was outweighed by ‘‘immobilization’’ of large amounts of N (around 30 kg/ha) in the soil, chiefly during May when crop growth was most rapid. This occurred on all sites with a crop, but not where the crop was absent. Measured losses of N2 and N2O were very small (<70 g/ha/dayN) on the site where they were measured, and no other evidence of loss or storage of N was found. The apparent recovery of fertilizer N at each site, was almost exactly explained by the amount immobilized during May. We conclude that the poor recovery of spring-applied N was due, not to losses as previously assumed but to temporary immobilization during the period of most active crop uptake. Immobilization was caused primarily by the presence of the crop.
Neural architecture in transected rabbit sciatic nerve after prolonged nonreinnervation
- J. L. BRADLEY, D. A. ABERNETHY, R. H. M. KING, J. R. MUDDLE, P. K. THOMAS
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Anatomy / Volume 192 / Issue 4 / May 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 May 1998, pp. 529-538
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- May 1998
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Observations have been made on the rabbit sciatic nerve distal to a transection, with survival periods of up to 26 mo and prevention of reinnervation. It was confirmed that the nerve becomes compartmented by fibroblast processes and that a zone of fine collagen fibrils develops around the Schwann cell columns that constitute the Büngner bands. The Schwann cells become progressively more atrophic but after 6 mo of denervation still expressed low affinity p75 nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), the latest stage at which this was examined. NGFR was also expressed by the processes of the fibroblasts producing the endoneurial compartmentation. By 26 mo after transection the site of previous nerve fibres was indicated by sharply demarcated domains of approximately circular outline in transverse section consisting of densely packed longitudinally oriented collagen fibrils. Some of these domains still possessed centrally situated Schwann cells or residual basal lamina but many were acellular. The central collagen fibrils in these domains were of smaller diameter than those situated peripherally but were of larger size than those that form around the Büngner bands during wallerian degeneration. The peripherally located fibrils in the domains were of the same calibre as for normal endoneurial collagen. The collagen domains were encircled by fibroblast processes or at times enclosed in a perineurial cell ensheathment. Long-standing axonal loss therefore leads to a striking reorganisation of the internal architecture of peripheral nerve trunks. The findings may be relevant for the interpretation of the appearances in chronic peripheral neuropathies in man.
The Record of American Democracy, 1984–1990
- Gary King, Bradley Palmquist
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- Journal:
- PS: Political Science & Politics / Volume 30 / Issue 4 / December 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 September 2013, pp. 746-747
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- December 1997
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Introduction
- Steven A. Bradley, Charles W. Allen, Wayne E. King
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 3 / Issue 2 / March 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 January 2003, p. 107
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- March 1997
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Introduction